1 Introducing Basic Network Concepts “In the beginning, there were no networks. Life was bad.” —MIKE MEYERS In this chapter, you will learn how to.

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This article is about the term 'zombie' in computer security. For 'zombie' in UNIX programming, see. In, a zombie is a computer connected to the Internet that has been by a, or program and can be used to perform malicious tasks of one sort or another under remote direction.

Of zombie computers are often used to spread and launch (DOS attacks). Most owners of 'zombie' computers are unaware that their system is being used in this way. Because the owner tends to be unaware, these computers are metaphorically compared to fictional. A coordinated DDoS attack by multiple botnet machines also resembles a 'zombie horde attack', as depicted in fictional. Contents.

Advertising Zombie computers have been used extensively to send e-mail spam; as of 2005, an estimated 50–80% of all spam worldwide was sent by zombie computers. This allows to avoid detection and presumably reduces their bandwidth costs, since the owners of zombies pay for their own bandwidth. This spam also greatly furthers the spread of Trojan horses, as Trojans are not self-replicating. They rely on the movement of e-mails or spam to grow, whereas worms can spread by other means. For similar reasons zombies are also used to commit against sites displaying advertising.

Others can host or recruiting websites. Distributed denial-of-service attacks Zombies can be used to conduct (DDOS) attacks, a term which refers to the orchestrated flooding of target websites by large numbers of computers at once.

The large number of Internet users making simultaneous requests of a website's server is intended to result in crashing and the prevention of legitimate users from accessing the site. A variant of this type of flooding is known as distributed degradation-of-service. Committed by 'pulsing' zombies, distributed degradation-of-service is the moderated and periodical flooding of websites, done with the intent of slowing down rather than crashing a victim site. The effectiveness of this tactic springs from the fact that intense flooding can be quickly detected and remedied, but pulsing zombie attacks and the resulting slow-down in website access can go unnoticed for months and even years. Notable incidents of distributed denial- and degradation-of-service attacks in past include the attack upon the service in 2003, and the one against service in 2006. In 2000, several prominent Web sites (, etc.) were clogged to a standstill by a distributed denial of service attack mounted by ‘’, a Canadian teenager. An attack on grc.com is discussed at length, and the perpetrator, a 13-year-old probably from, was identified on the Gibson Research Web site.

Disassembled a 'bot' which was a zombie used in the attack, and traced it to its distributor. In his account about his research, he describes the operation of a 'bot'-controlling channel. Smartphones Beginning in July 2009, similar botnet capabilities have also emerged for the growing market. Examples include the July 2009 in the 'wild' release of the Sexy Space worm, the world's first botnet capable worm, which targeted the operating system in smartphones. Later that month, researcher revealed a text message worm for the.

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Also in July, consumers were targeted by the BlackBerry program. In the 2010s, the security community is divided as to the real world potential of mobile botnets. But in an August 2009 interview with, cyber security consultant summarized the issue this way: 'We are about at the point with smartphones that we were with desktops in the '80s.' See also.

References. Tom Spring (June 20, 2005). From the original on July 16, 2017. Games for gameboy advance.

Retrieved December 19, 2015. White, Jay D. Managing Information in the Public Sector. Weisman, Steve (2008). The Truth about Avoiding Scams. Schwabach, Aaron (2006). Internet and the Law.

Steve Gibson, first: May 4, 2001, last: August 12, 2009. Furchgott, Roy (August 14, 2009).

Gadgetwise Blog. From the original on July 16, 2017.

Retrieved July 16, 2017. External links.